All Questions

Natural deduction for the Existential Quantifier Natural Deduction for the Universal Quantifier Can both f and g be derived the same way, if not, then why can they not be derived this same way?

I think that I quite understand the relation between ontology and "logical syntax" of language as it is presented by Wittgenstein in Tractatus. He states that there are atomic entities, which are ...

Here's the conversation I was having with a guy: Me: May all your wishes come true. Him: [Maybe not all of my wishes should come true, as I fear the finality of a life without wishes.] So, in this ...

Question: Did Aquinas or Aristotle discuss what happens to the man when he feels bored? What do they say about it? How do they explain that feeling? I coupled Aristotle and Aquinas in this question ...

There's the argument ad absurdum along with several other kind of reasoning. What is the name for a forestalling counter-argument - an argument put forward pre-emptively in anticipation of an ...

What does the expression given below actually mean? "fearing the finality of a life without wishes"

I recently read Leo Strauss's views on modern science, as expanded in Alan Bloom's "The Closing of the American Mind". In a (very small) nutshell, Strauss had the extraordinary idea that modern ...

I know number is an abstract object. But I am not satisfied. Let's take number 1 represents any wholesome unit that we consider, say a goat .Then we say number 2 as 2 of that wholesome unit, here 2 ...

So from what I understand from my reading of the Critique of Pure Reason, specifically in the Transcendental Deduction, is that Kant states that in order to have a unified self-conscious (a unified "I"...

What does a person actually mean by saying the sentence given below? "Maybe not all my wishes should come true, as I fear the finality of a life without wishes."

(1/n)(B + g/n) + ([n–1]/n)(0 + g/n) What is zero or uppercase O mean? Page 16: http://www.stafforini.com/library/kagan-2011.pdf#page=16 My best guess is that it's found somewhere in Reasons and ...

A friend and I were trying to come up with the most basic rule that, if followed, would lead to a functional (and preferably good) society. He said: "People should be free to do whatever they want, ...

I couldn't find any article reporting the original formulation by Parmenides. Of course there are no direct writings, but I'd like to know what the tradition says. First of all what is the Greek ...

Religion and to some degree philosophy, may promote forgiveness. But how do you deal with: when people see that you forgive, that may give them a lesson that it is "ok" to do that to you. Another ...

I've been reading up on physicalism both from the stanford encyclopedia article and a book on physicalism by Daniel Stoljar. I'm now well aware of the difficulties in defining physicalism let alone ...

I understand that the bad reasons fallacy is committed when one assumes that a conclusion is false just because the argument is bad. But is this fallacy committed very often?

I’m set to enlist in the Israel Defense Forces but I have the option to exempt from the military if I wish to. So I’m in a big moral dilemma on whether I should serve or not, I’m currently leaning ...

The proof is a very simple application of proof by contradiction. I wish to see a proof of this statement using logic 101. Only if possible (that is, if not too lengthy) a truth table may be very ...

Pretty much what is contained in these pages: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_connective https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_function I feel like having all this info burned into my head and ...

Look at anyone you know. They always seem to find their way to a couple feelings - whether they be feelings of urgency, feelings of shyness, feelings of confidence, etc. Don’t they? Now look at ...

What is different between 'accidental' and 'contingent'? I thought that accidental contains intentional notation while Contingent does not. But there could be an intentional action that turns out to ...

The problem is X This problem can be easily solved by doing Y Therefore this problem can be easily solved I am confused if this is Simplification (Which means the inference is Valid)

How can what is empty know itself unless there is some intelligence present? It can't. That's like expecting the eye that can see so many objects, to see it self; it cannot. Likewise, the self cannot ...

There are already several projects that are trying to simulate the human brain (see, for example, Algorithm for large-scale brain simulations) Let's suppose that it is possible to simulate with an ...

What does it mean when someone says Hobbes has a “subjective” theory of value and an “objective” theory of right action? Does "objective" in this sense still mean fact-based? And if so, how are the ...

..Any input would be helpful as to make sure that I am on the right track. About 3 years ago I was falling into some religious circular/ontological arguments. I came across the internet/tv show "the ...

How does Meta-Physics influences in terms of properties, natures, causes and classes of beings. I need your support on this topic.

Without much gibberish, I am wondering what are 'counterfactual definitive statements' made across possible worlds? And, most importantly how do they obtain?

..I am hoping that someone can help correct me if I am wrong or mislead. Using a tree as an example to explain my question: it is difficult to narrow down an exact definition of a tree because every ...

I'm reading through Josiah Royce's view on the self and this is what I think he believes the tension to be between the individual and society: "The tension between the individual and society is ...

I've heard a lot of people get confused about the differences between free agency, free will, and moral agency. What really is the difference?

From John Bigelow and Robert Pargetter's book, titled, 'Science and Necessity', they assert the following: . . . . The resulting system, S5, contains all the theorems of S4 and all the theorems of ...

What does it mean to take Jung seriously when he says that we "continue to dream in the unconscious while awake?"

Is there anything preventing possible worlds from meeting one another in a plane of existence that intersects both possible worlds? And if not, how would you describe such a plane that intersects ...

What if there is any real limit of energy that can ever be accumulated in the gravitational field? Described as: E(max) = m(max) * c^2 So... If some black hole reached that limit, (I would expect) ...

In his argument that time intervals can exist without change, Shoemaker gives us an interesting thought experiment. For those unfamiliar, here it is: Assume that an entire universe is divided into ...

Logic is today developing in many, very different directions. But the basic distinction between the semantic approach (truth, "⊨") and the syntactic one (provability, "⊢") is still important and ...

What is the link with nihilism and hypocrisy? I know that Nietzsche mentions hypocrisy. I think to the effect that the old values helped it flourish, that it is now debased, with at least the ...

I really don't know if there's a theory that explains if everything happens at the same time, meaning that there is no such thing as time and time is simply an illusion. This line of thought comes ...

I just came across the following passage in the Appendix B of "Why Race Matters" by Michael Levine: Let $G$ be a genotype expressed by phenotypic variable $P$, and lets $G$'s home organism $O$ ...

why he did write that? Does this paragraph make any sense? Maybe, he wanted to say it is impossible to be good man without good characters? Any assumption?

Good afternoon, I've looked at some other answers and I feel those don't quite answer what I'm trying to ask, so I'll just ask it here. I'm in a logic course and I'm either misunderstanding ...

I am looking for help in answering the full question with a full conditional proof (cp). This will help me understand this question and others that I am trying to understand. Thank you. Would ...

Consider the following scenario: an impatient man is sitting in a restaurant, and asked the waiter 'Where is my dinner?'. My understanding is this: Asking for the location of the man's dinner is the ...

Can you help me with questions from book 5 meditations of Marcus Aurelius? Have any questions from book 5 that can be discussed during class? Pls help, questions should be some kinda rhetorical or ...

Answering Jewish / Muslim objections to their faith, Christians frequently appeals to historical research, which illustrates that existence of "semi-god" or godly king etc. was not a strange thing to ...

An ethical problem: Daniel is in love with Rose, who is in a long-term romantic relationship with David. Rose enjoys Daniel's love. Daniel asks Rose that David should know that they text each other, ...

I'm currently trying to read into topos foundations for theories of physics and I wonder if we are really able to give a philosophical foundation for what a possible future theory of physics should ...

Reasoning in mathematics is simple and subject to automation and discipline/system, because every concept (e.g. integer number, real number, derivative, integral, differential equation and its ...

I have a Predicate Logic argument I need to translate into the symbolism of predicate logic first and then I need to construct a proof in CP. The argument is "Some wars are just. No war of ...