All Questions

Most people define and understand situations of "personal choice" as personal opinion, quality, or things that belong or relates exclusively to the person making the choice (i.e., does not ...

What would be a real life, concrete example of Peirce's Law? ((p → q) → p) → p There is a Wikipedia article on it, if you are unfamiliar with it: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peirce's_law There ...

What is the relation between Marxist dialectics and Machiavelli's philosophy? I have read Lefort, and he seems good, but I was unsure if he was an academic playing games.

I was reading about qualia and how there's apparently the problem of qualia because a unique experience is constrained to one subject (?). But I don't see how this is meaningful in any way since ...

In the book The Complete Story of Civilization by Will Durant , page 1, he wrote that “The heat of the tropics, and the innumerable parasites that infest them, are hostile to civilization; lethargy ...

Can an argument be valid and sound if some of its premises are opinion(s)? I'm doing a first year course in philosophy and I am having trouble understanding if opinions as premises can make a valid ...

<> = possible [ ]=necessary Hey all, I am trying to show the following axiom is provable in S5: [ ]A -> [ ] [ ]A = (4) The hint says to prove: [ ]A -> [ ] <> [ ]A first, which ...

i would like to know how are Sense and Denotation relate to translation and the role that they have in translation

Why scientists assumes that nature have laws? Is it possible to have no laws at all? I mean that how nature behaves may vary with space and time but this doesn't mean it is unpredictable at all. It ...

Arthur schopenhauer comments on Spinoza's God accordingly: For the word God, honestly used, means a cause such as this of the world, with the addition of personality. An impersonal God is, on the ...

Does modus tollens capture the essence of "necessary condition"? (1) P → Q, ¬Q, … so ¬P. (2) So Q is a necessary condition of P. Is (1) the inner structure of (2)? Are any of these true: The ...

**The First Law of Thought: The Law of Identity** Something is what it is [L_1], and it is not what it is not [LI_2]: -| yields the logical conjunction: [LI_1 & LI_2], & = “and”; Therefore, ...

First, I came across the Penrose triangle and then a variety of impossible objects. I understand that an object might not exist in a specific domain. For example, Penrose triangle does not exist in 3 ...

I don't remember the source or the exact wording, but I remember some years ago reading a quote that Americans will continue to wave the flag, we will continue to have elections, and play the national ...

Are the propositions "Everything happens for a reason", and "Nothing happens without a reason" logically equivalent?

What do you make of this? I want to understand this passage! Furthermore, suppose that nature suddenly burst into speech, and personally addressed the following rebuke to one of us, "What ...

It can be these options Everything has no properties or the same properties (any set has itself as a property ,something that has to be an empty set and is an empty set and does not exis) The property ...

In A Teacher's Introduction to Postmodernism by R. Linn, it says: Whereas Kant argued that the concept of a "thing", as opposed to en "event", was produced in consciousness as a ...

“To begin with resemblance; suppose we could see clearly into the breast of another, and observe that succession of perceptions, which constitutes his mind or thinking principle, and suppose that he ...

Notandum, dari necessario unius cujusque rei existentis certam aliquam CAUSAM, propter quam existit. Et notandum, hanc causam, propter quart aliqua res existit, vel debere contineri in ipsa natura et ...

There are many famous philosophers that assume that "consciousness can be create by calculations in a computer". For example: Nick Bostrom with the simulation theory [I greatly respect and ...

re section 5 of this SEP https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-belief/#VarEvi I understand each has different aims, but I dont see how does the meaning of evidence and Evidentialism change in each ...

My question is simple - can a true statement be a lie - that is, can the pragmatics of use of a true sentence (context, intension, effects, etc) make a true statement into a lie? Intuitively it seems ...

When you blame someone, are you asserting an opinion or a fact? For example, Let's begin with this: Person A and Person B get in a car accident. Person A was on his phone, while Person B was abiding ...

Can biological evolution comsummate? In biological evolution, living organisms continues to change. However, is there a point wherein evolution stops due to an organism not needing change anymore? ...

I've read definitions but it's not clear to me. Is it correlationist to say that every state of affairs we imagine must include someone imagining it? Would any philosophers argue for that, and if not ...

Let's say two people had an argument, where Person A caught Person B doing something against the rules. Person A talks to Person B on why he shouldn't do that thing he was doing bad. Person B finds ...

Essentially, what tools does a human require to figure out or build propositional logic?

There is no premise just a conclusion of ¬C on fitch. I am very stuck on this problem.

In the stone age, people hunted for wildlife. Trying to survive was painful for them as they faced harsh weathers, hunger, and thirst. To make life easier, they created a stable food supply and built ...

Is it possible to create two objects that are the same on the molecular level? By two objects, I mean two different objects that have the same label. For example, can you create two different breads ...

I've been trying to recall a thought experiment, which I very vaguely remember to have come across either in Davidson or Dennett, that considers the following scenario: A hound is chasing its quarry ...

In the Boltzmann Brain scenario, we are all brains produced by random fluctuations within a high entropy universe. The argument which I had accepted before was that our very reasoning can not be ...

Often it is claimed that a country or group can't judge others due to similar mistakes made in the past by the group which is criticizing. For example, I have seen people claiming that the UK can't ...

Let's say you and your friend are sharing two drinks - Drink A and Drink B. You: "Drink A is sweeter than Drink B." Is this an opinion? Claim? Or both? "Sweetness" is not really ...

Let's set some context: Person A and Person B have a group project. They are both assigned a slide (Slide A for Person A and Slide B for Person B) Person A has finished his slide, yet Person B hasn't. ...

No one held for murder is given bail Smith isn't held for murder Hence Smith is given bail no M is B s is not M s is B What's wrong with the conclusion?

I want to prove <> (P v Q) => <> P v <> Q It was a biconditional, but I have proved the other one. Thanks for the answer. Please use Garson's method. Thanks. I am stuck on this, ...

On social media we often see inflammatory partisan image memes, that compare conservative vs liberal, or past generations vs today's. (Or anything really.) For example: The youth from past ...

I was wondering what would happen if let’s say we start a new civilization with 10 kids, who have not been exposed to the idea of God ever and they are given scientific reasoning and scientific ...

In my studies of Mathematics and (mostly) Theoretical Computer Science I've encountered what is known as Munchhausen's Trilemma which purports to demonstrate nothing can be actually be proved because ...

Free will can be seen as freedom "to" and freedom "from". What is it freedom from? Is free will free of logic? Is free will free of cause and effect? What is free will free from?

Garson's Modal Logic for Philosophers Exercise 1.8: [ ](P & Q) <=> [ ]P & [ ]Q I am stuck on this question, please help! Please use the method Garson uses. Thanks.

Here's how the physicist David Deutsch (2011) describes qualia: Consider the following thought experiment. You are a biochemist with the misfortune to have been born with a genetic defect that ...

Nietzsche said: Everyone knows at present that the ability to endure contradiction is a good indication of culture. What does that mean, and what was he most likely trying to say, stating that?

I vaguely remember having heard that one can formally prove that no amount of (successful) communication between two people ensures that the assigned meaning of their words converges. I think it had ...

We intuitively believe that everything must have a cause. If that is true, does it mean that causation itelf must have a cause? To be clear, I do NOT mean "does the cause of a cause have a cause?&...

I am reading the work of Jean Baudrillard. Some of his ideas "feels" right: they make sense to me in a weird way, but I can't get deeper because I can't understand most of what I read. Take ...

Let's say someone is growing their hair. Someone asks: "Why are you growing your hair? Any specific reason?" He returns: "Yes, I am growing it into an afro." Let's pretend that ...

I am just confused how this be possible, what rule is been used?