The most famous political text from Antiquity is Platos Republic; one notices that this is a direct translation of the Latin De Republica; the orginal greek being Politeia.
Aristotle too, wrote a text called Politics (Politika); and he notes that in his Nicomachean Ethics that politics naturally follows a discussion of his virtue ethics; to legislate towards his ethics:
Must we not, then, next examine whence or how one can learn how to legislate?
Which has a parallel with Platos notion of a Philosopher-King.
What are the major differences between Aristotles Politics and that of Platos? And how influential is Platos text on him; it already seems here, for example that Aristotle is expanding and examining the notion of the Philosopher-King; perhaps identifying it to some extent with the laws of the city (polis); and those who legislate for them; but he notes:
but while the sophists profess to teach politics, it is practised not by any of them but by the politicians, who would seem to do so by dint of a certain skill and experience rather than of thought
Which seems remarkable, in that any art can be practised without thought; but he means by this it seems articulate thought:
For they are not found either writing or speaking about such matters