In what way does the following solve the Substance/finite modes problem in Spinoza?

Question

Critics of Spinoza's concept of the 'immanence' of substance maintain that if everything in the universe is a manifestation of 'deus/sive natura/ sive substantia' then Spinoza cannot account for the finite modalities. This because humans can not conceivably 'share' any properties with god, even if god is not anthropomorphic. By employing a non-mathematical direct proportion demonstration, this critique can be shown to be without merit. Here is the proportion, followed by a bit of information to assist in looking for the answer. Substance/Mode=Sun/orange (the fruit) or, Substance bears the exact same relationship with mode as the Sun has with an orange, or potato or carrot, etc. So the question is, why does this proportional non-mathematical equation, demonstrate verifiably the relationship between 'substance' and 'mode'?

Aids- In mathematics, two varying quantities are said to be in a relation of proportionality, if they are multiplicatively connected to a constant, that is, when either their ratio or their product yields a constant. The value of this constant is called the coefficient of proportionality or proportionality constant.

Spinoza's second type of knowledge- 'Ratio' And-(19:4) Perception arising when the essence of one thing is inferred from another thing, but not adequately; this comes when [f] from some effect we gather its cause, or when it is inferred from some general proposition that some property is always present. TIE- "On the Improvement of the Understanding"(Paragraph- 19-4)

The above excerpt is how Spinoza describes the second type of knowledge, or 'ratio'. We would term it mathematical or logical certainty or verifiability. CMS

Answer 1

@Geoffrey Thomas- For this analogy to become clear, first consider the relationship between the sun and an orange, [or any other crop]. It is intuitively and scientifically obvious that the sun is the proximate and efficient cause of the production of a piece of fruit; from the sprouting of the seed which when planted becomes a sapling, then becomes a bush which eventually grows into a tree. The sun provides the energy which is chemically converted into what eventually becomes a piece of fruit. If you take the fruit, once it's ripened, and examine it thoroughly, there will be found no discernable or measurable element or trace of the sun's presence in the entire process. Everyone, more or less understands and accepts this as a 'given'. And so the relationship between substance and mode in Spinoza's system is expressed in the same relationship as the sun with an orange, the analogy should give no cause for alarm. It is an intuitive understanding but so is the relationship between the sun and an orange. Mode is a 'modification' of substance. Did not mean to appear cryptic with this but rather to point out that many Spinoza commentators create mysteries where there are none. CMS