The TLDR is Yes. There are mathematical models of minds that use functions. The paragraph covers them under the heading Machine State Functions and systems like the Turing Machine were modeled on the mind of a mathematician; the TM uses mathematical functions to change state. But let's exercise caution.
It's easy to confuse the notion of mathematical functions, a specialized type of relation which provides a guarantee on mappings from inputs and the expression 'serves a function' which is a notion rooted in agency (SEP) and activity, particularly one that is literally intended and not metaphorical in usage such as functions as related to topics like teleological language used in biology (SEP) despite that evolution has no literal intention. It is fair to note that a Turing machine which is considered a functional equivalent of a mathematician and her paper-based algorithms (at the time) certainly invokes both senses leading to some confusion. Thus, according to the article machine state functionalism uses both ideas which is particularly handy when a philosopher of mind advocates a computational theory of mind (SEP).
After psychological behaviorism reached a fevered pitch in academia, there was a reaction in the philosophy of psychology called cognitive psychology where instead of dismissing subjective testimony as unscientific since it was measurable in the same way behavior is. From WP:
Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from behaviorism, which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical science. This break came as researchers in linguistics and cybernetics, as well as applied psychology, used models of mental processing to explain human behavior.
So, if you think about Noam Chomsky's work on generative grammar was considered revolutionary, it was because it attacks the behaviorist program that began with Skinner, Watson, and others. So, using a grammar as an example, according to functionalism, one doesn't have to have the same nuts and bolts, so to speak, in order to process a grammar. A contemporary example would be an LLM like ChatGPT. Today, one might argue that functionalism is an observation of commonalities of different sorts of physical computation (SEP) that achieve the same results.
ChatGPT produces relatively sophisticated natural language passages (which of course suffer from semantic hallucinations) despite the fact that computers don't have literal biological brains. That is, a passage from ChatGPT might be the functional equivalent of a passage from a university student (it's all the rage these days to have an LLM just do the work), despite the fact that one is produced by software and hardware and one is produced by wetware. Much like Turing himself anticipated, if computational strategies become sophisticated enough, and people are isolated from the production over a communication relay, it becomes difficult to decide if a paragraph is written by a computer.
The Turing Test, proposed by the British mathematician and computer scientist Alan Turing in 1950, is a test designed to evaluate a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from that of a human. The test involves a human judge engaging in a conversation with both a machine and a human, without being aware of which is which. If the judge cannot consistently distinguish between the two based on their responses, the machine is considered to have passed the Turing Test. The test aims to explore the concept of machine intelligence and the potential for machines to achieve human-like thinking and communication abilities. It continues to be a significant benchmark in the field of artificial intelligence and raises fundamental questions about the nature of consciousness, cognition, and what it means to be human.
So, ChatGPT is an example of a functional equivalent because passages of text generated by electro-mechanical brains and those of organic brains are becoming increasing indistinguishable. (Disclaimer: the previous paragraph was written by ChatGPT with the prompt "write a brief paragraph on the Turing Test". If you didn't notice, you should probably take notice at how sophisticated these tools have become).
So, functionalism in philosophy of mind is, according to SEP:
the doctrine that what makes something a mental state of a particular type does not depend on its internal constitution, but rather on the way it functions, or the role it plays, in the system of which it is a part.
Does it make a difference that transistors produced the paragraph above instead of my neurons? Yes and no. But what is on the table with this philosophical precept is that the notion of mentality itself goes beyond the human brain (which itself demonstrates neurodiversity demonstrating two brains don't have to be identical to have the same abilities).
Can you create function-based models of the mind? Sure, they're called automata and include Turing machines. In fact, GOFAI itself is nothing but a series of models of the mind built of procedures that often have a mathematical functional description. Do they fall short of actual brains. Absolutely. But functionalism argues that whatever a mind is, it doesn't have to be a typical human brain, and might include links to computers a notion captured by terms transhumanism and extended intelligence, where a person's information resources might be considered part of the mind.
What is true is that functionalism doesn't allege the mind is a mathematical function. That's would just be confusing two senses of function.
AandBare the same pattern andaandbare the same pattern thenfis true. Same pattern would allow transition and rotation (90 degrees anyway). But system and part would need to have the same relative position. This doesn't conclusively say others cases wont have the same role. Just that these cases are certain to.