Questions tagged [computation]
Computational theory is the study of calculations. Important questions are: what can be computed? How quickly can it be computed? What requirements or abilities must a computer have?
114
questions
1
vote
1answer
100 views
What is the philosophical basis of the relation among reasoning, formal logic, and Turing machines?
Turing's machine is a generalisation of the concept of 'computation'. 'Formal logic' seems to be some sort of form of 'computation'.
How are reasoning, computation, and formal logic related? Are forms ...
3
votes
1answer
247 views
Can the brain be considered an analog computer?
Some people consider the brain a computer. Like brain philosopher D. Hofstadter. In a public talk he gave he tried to do anything to show that. Including tackling opponents. But he couldn't convince (...
1
vote
2answers
82 views
Is a physical process identical to an algorithm computing it?
I have read three questions about algorithms and their relation to the human brain.
Two recent ones:
Question on Godel's Remark on Algorithmic Nature of Mind
and:
Why doesn't Searle's ...
1
vote
2answers
124 views
What are the mathematical concepts a computer implements?
I am well aware of theoretical work on the topic of algorithms, pioneered by Turing and Churchill as far as I know. Computers implement a large, but finite, set of algorithms. My question goes into a ...
2
votes
2answers
191 views
Some doubts on Incompleteness Theorems
An important point to note about first incompleteness theorem is that while a certain formula is "true" but unprovable, it is "true" on the basis of my understanding (intended ...
0
votes
1answer
163 views
Book or source recommendations on philosophy and the web
I am looking for a philosophical take on the Internet and so far find surprisingly little of what I was hoping for. While I am also interested in information theory, digital culture, social critique, ...
-1
votes
2answers
90 views
Is human emotion or intelligence programmable?
Human beings can think, feel, sense and act. Computers, in a way, simulate the brain, while robots simulate their actions. But will it ever be possible that the combination of computer and robot can ...
0
votes
0answers
29 views
Is there a way to indicate NP^{\prod_i^P} or coNP^{\prod_i^P} like in polynomial hierarchy?
In know that in polynomial hierarchy
I was wondering if there exists a way (and if it does make sense) to indicate or .
1
vote
1answer
67 views
Is there a weaker/general version of Incompleteness Theorem which holds for every formal axiomatic system?
Is there a general version of Godel's Incompleteness Theorem which holds for any formal axiomatic system (and not just those capable of modelling basic arithmetic)?
If no, is it absurd to ask why such ...
2
votes
0answers
81 views
Do constructivists (or intuitionists) reject real numbers, except the computable ones?
SEP has a bunch of pages on what (various flavors) of intuitionists or constructivists seem to accept as a model theory or as a set theory (they actually seem to diverge on the latter, in the sense of ...
1
vote
1answer
98 views
Is it there a "completely expressive" formal system / logic language?
I wonder whether it exists a formal system such that all (or a considerable number of) the others can be considered as a subsets or fragments of it.
I would say that, for instance, First-Order logic ...
2
votes
7answers
338 views
Is the distinction between software and hardware real?
In computer science education, there exists a dichotomy between what we call "hardware" and what we call "software". Software can exist as patterns on hardware and also as a purely ...
1
vote
2answers
294 views
What are the different kinds of computation that exist?
What are the different kinds of computation that exist? From what I can see, there are two kinds:
Computation based on non-electric and analog devices: abacuses, human
brain, calculator
Computation ...
16
votes
14answers
2k views
Testing Free Will
Could we ever come up with an experiment that is able to explain once and for all if free will exists or not? Another way to put it: given a universe and agents acting within it, is it possible for ...
-1
votes
1answer
130 views
Robinson Arithmetic and Church-Turing Thesis
What is the connection (if any) between proving the undecidability of Robinson Arithmetic and the Church-Turing Thesis? If there is any connection to CTT, is it necessary?
2
votes
2answers
122 views
Can we define the notion of an "omnipotent God" in terms of computational power?
A classic omnipotence paradox asks, "can an omnipotent God create a stone so heavy that He cannot lift it?" The problem here is that we take omnipotence to mean "capable of anything ...
2
votes
0answers
46 views
Philosophical meaning of the Curry Howard Correspondence
At a technical level, I understand the Curry-Howard correspondence in various settings, and its usefulness as a technical tool. What I'm looking for is a fairly rigorous discussion of genuinely ...
2
votes
4answers
374 views
Paradoxes regarding Identity of consciousness, illusion of present time
Thought experiment:
Lets say we have two (or more) exactly same brains, in the same state, having exactly the same neural activity (hardly possible in reality with biological brains, but eventually ...
0
votes
0answers
67 views
Computing Premises from Consequence
We write 'If A, then B' to mean that if A is true, then B must be true because B is a logical consequence of A i.e. it is impossible for A to be true but B to be false.
Let us consider one such ...
1
vote
8answers
848 views
Consciousness in Simulation theory & AI, why do some believe that it is even possible?
There are many famous philosophers that assume that "consciousness can be create by calculations in a computer". For example: Nick Bostrom with the simulation theory [I greatly respect and ...
1
vote
0answers
51 views
Where does computations occur, in Mind or in Matter?
Short and silly question, but it opens-up to a separation of idealism and materialism on the basis of information.
If computations (in the scenario of a materialistic-computational perspective of the ...
0
votes
2answers
256 views
Why is Turing claiming that a complete and computable axiomatization of arithmetic would imply the decidability of first-order logic?
So I'm reading the famous paper of Turing "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem". At the beginning of his proof of the undecidability of first-order logic (FOL), he ...
1
vote
1answer
158 views
Symbolic Processes & Thinking
My question is if there is some concrete symbolic logic at the foundation of human reasoning -something very rudimentary, but still formal? Question may be seen in context of the article given below.
...
0
votes
0answers
76 views
How do Probably Approximately Correct algorithms work, and is the PAC model an eludication of Piercean abduction
I recently read a fascinating review (in issue no. 136 of Philosophy Now) of Probably Approximately Correct written by Harvard Professor of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Leslie Valiant. ...
3
votes
5answers
262 views
Human Mind vs Computer
We start from axioms, use rules of logic, and derive theorems. These theorems establish what is the case in relation to the context. In all disciplines employing mathematics, we reason by saying '...
1
vote
2answers
144 views
In what contexts or disciplines does "One may assume X" imply "One may ignore the possibility of any statement contrary to X being true"?
In computer programming, it has become fashionable for compilers (processors of computer language) to apply the following form of reasoning:
A language standard would permit a compiler to assume that ...
2
votes
1answer
264 views
Computers, Artificial Intelligence, and Epistemology
Some classification schemes don't list logic as a separate branch of philosophy. I assume they regard logic as a component of epistemology.
Of course, others regard logic as a separate branch. The ...
0
votes
1answer
93 views
Where can I find arguments for animal rights?
I'm asking this question on behalf of https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/47/curi
I'm a philosopher (and programmer) attempting to research and diagram arguments relating to animal rights. I'm ...
3
votes
1answer
167 views
Is there a form of set theory involving imperatives and interrogatives?
I finally read the article Is there a Logic of Imperatives? Conifold showed me and it elicited the question, for me, whether imperative programming is a form of imperative logic at all? The essay took ...
1
vote
2answers
146 views
Is there a system where it is impossible to tell the fundamental type of probability?
Premise: What does it mean to take Planck's constant to 0? When someone takes Planck's constant to 0 then they do not effective just substitute Planck's constant with 0. The actual procedure is to ...
5
votes
6answers
276 views
What are some views on the ability to transfer consciousness into a machine?
What are some views on the ability to transfer consciousness into a machine? So when discussing this question, there are two set of questions that arises. What is consciousness, is it something that ...
1
vote
0answers
196 views
Are Max Tegmark's Mathematical Universe Hypothesis and Seth Lloyd's Cosmological Model compatible?
I have been interested in Seth Lloyd's cosmological model (which proposes that the universe is a some kind of quantum computer or at least similar to it: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...
4
votes
1answer
117 views
Who first studied "logical (ir)reversibility"?
Who first studied "logical (ir)reversibility" philosophically?
By "logical (ir)reversibility" I mean questions like:Why is it easier to
multiply large numbers than to factorize them?
understand a ...
2
votes
1answer
102 views
Inconsistency in Tegmark's Mathematical Universe Hypothesis?
Physicist Max Tegmark is widely known for proposing that there is a multiverse where mathematical structures would exist as real and actual universes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...
1
vote
1answer
129 views
Does Gregory Chaitin propose a computable or an uncomputable ontology?
Gregory Chaitin is a mathematician who thinks that the universe is itself a computer, or similar...
He has written papers closely related to the field of hypercomputation (For example, he invented the ...
0
votes
1answer
96 views
Is it there any specific and well known continous/analog alternative to Wheeler's discrete "It from Bit"?
Physicist John A Wheeler (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler) suggested the concept of "law without law" and "it from bit" which suggested that the universe did not have any laws ...
-1
votes
1answer
255 views
Is it there any model of the universe (considered by physicists) which would be the product of a simulation?
There are various philosophical theories that propose that the universe is the product of a simulation. But I was looking for theories that propose this and are also considered by physicists (not only ...
0
votes
1answer
183 views
What is the relationship between computation and Gödel's incompleteness theorems? [closed]
In what way do Godel's incompleteness theorems impact computers/hypercomputers? Do they somehow prevent them from being capable of computing everything (of computing literally all uncomputable/...
-3
votes
2answers
219 views
Is it possible to mathematically define a hypercomputer-universe where things that could not be computed by it could exist? [duplicate]
There are a few physicists that propose that the universe is a hypercomputer. One example is Roger Penrose, who, basing in his quantum interpretation (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...
0
votes
0answers
133 views
Can hypercomputation compute the impossible?
There are things which are illogical/logically impossible (like saying that 2+2=4 and 2+2=5. Without changing anything in the axioms of mathematics or logic, this would be a contradiction and would be ...
1
vote
0answers
143 views
What does philosophy say about the normativity of simulated thought within the analytical tradition?
Given the coherence theory of truth, new propositions must observe previous theory and logic (i.e. every thinking step must be consistent with rules of logic); many analytic philosophies believe it is ...
2
votes
1answer
63 views
A universal game [closed]
In this question by "metagame" I mean a game which functions to create the rules of a sub-game.
Is there a universal metagame that would allow to create any game (including itself). Such game would ...
4
votes
2answers
84 views
Similar to Douglas Adam's HGTTG, Is there any philosophy that views human society as a computation?
In Douglas Adam's Hitchhikers guide to the Galaxy, Earth is a supercomputer that is computing the the Ultimate question, whose answer is 42.
I was wondering is Douglas Adams was inspired by any ...
6
votes
1answer
284 views
Are uncomputable numbers/things a problem for Wheeler's "it from bit"?
I have some questions related to Wheeler's ideas of "It from bit" and "Law without law"
In summary, these both theories postulate that there was an initial universe with no laws from which laws of ...
3
votes
0answers
140 views
Can Schmidhuber's hypothesis reproduce all types of universes? And Wheeler's it from bit? Or Weizsäcker's ur-theory?
I found a paper that talked about paraconsistent logic systems (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraconsistent_logic) and trivialist systems (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivialism) and the ...
6
votes
3answers
287 views
Book Recommendation for Computational Theory of Mind
These days I'm really into studying the Computational Theory of Mind (CTM)
and I have read papers and documents online.
However, I have difficulty capturing the overall (received) theories of CTM at ...
3
votes
0answers
122 views
Is 't Hooft cellular automaton compatible with Floridi's Informational (Structural) Realism?
Informational (Structural) Realism (by Luciano Floridi) relates to digital physics ideas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_physics)
As Floridi himself says in one of his articles (http://philsci-...
1
vote
2answers
125 views
Free will: is reality a record, a game or unpredictable?
If a world is a record (a film), then this scenario does not have conditional rules, i.e., if it can be implemented as a computer program, it will not have "if ... then ..." commands.
If a world is a ...
4
votes
2answers
286 views
Where is the knowledge that AI's "knowledge representations" represent?
I find this really confusing. AI often says its computer systems "know" things, but when AI explains how to program a computer to be intelligent, it talks only about "knowledge representation". E.g., ...
2
votes
1answer
163 views
Where to find the “tightened up” definitions of computing mentioned by Searle?
I think it is probably possible to block the result of universal realizability by tightening up our definition of computation. Certainly we ought to respect the fact that programmers and engineers ...
