*Comment* *Valid* means true in **all** cases. Thus, the schema : >Some A are B >Some B are C >>Therefore : Some A are C is **not** valid exactly for the reason you have stated : >it becomes **true** [not valid] if at least one element lies in A ∩ B ∩ C. Correct..., but if this is not, the argument does not conclude, and this means that the argument form is not valid.