Descartes applied such scepticism about the world and it's nature. He concluded you can be certain of "I think therefore I am", even in the case "I suppose there exists an extremely powerful, and, if I may so speak, malignant being, whose whole endeavors are directed toward deceiving me (which we put under 'Brain In A Vat' discussions in modern philosophy).
Emotions typically are unreasoned impulses, linked to evolutionarily derived responses. So, responses that served our ancestors, on average. The world has changed a lot since then. We associate impulse-control with maturity, which can be linked to how our neocortex which seems to have evolved primarily for social purposes doesn't fully finish developing until about age 25, and during the teenage years experiences we have of threat and risk have lasting impacts on our outlook (ie the immature impulse-control relates to being more open to learning).
I would argue philosophy is still, about the pursuit of wisdom. And that involves reconciling short and long term goals, impulsive desires and reasoned aims, and through an active practice of reflection coming to understand the integrated centre of our concerns, and acting from there. Discussed here: Wisdom and John Vervaeke's awakening from the meaning crises?
Philosophy then is exactly different to impulsive reasoning. But it isn't a fixed method either. Instead there are tools philosophers have developed, which we can bring to our own lives, towards understanding how to act with wisdom, in ways that aerve us fully and which we won't regret.