I was just listening to an interview with David Chalmers where he opined that if one could accurately simulate the brain, consciousness would arise in the simulation. Are there any other instances where that happens or anyone expects it to happen? If you simulate the motion of the planets, it doesn't give rise to gravity. If you simulate the random motions of molecules in a gas, it doesn't give rise to heat. If you simulate the action of a lever, it doesn't create force. Are there any other examples where a process X gives rise to a physical effect Y, and simulating process X on a computer also gives rise to that physical effect?

I was just listening to an interview with David Chalmers where he opined that if one could accurately simulate the brain, consciousness would arise in the simulation. Are there any other instances where that happens or anyone expects it to happen? If you simulate the motion of the planets, it doesn't give rise to gravity. If you simulate the random motions of molecules in a gas, it doesn't give rise to heat. If you simulate the action of a lever, it doesn't create force. Are there any other examples where a process X gives rise to a physical effect Y, and simulating process X on a computer also gives rise to an observable effect that is not simulated? What I mean is an effect that can be observed by someone who does not observing the output of the simulation. Note that consciousness can be observed by the consciousness itself without observing the output of the simulation, if any.