All Questions
Tagged with terminology logic
99 questions
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Can logical assertions be read as not having some or any implications?
Is there a way to restrict the implication of a claim? In other words, is it possible to express truths in logic that do not have logical implications, and if so does this have a name in logic and ...
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How should the footnote to BXVIII & BXIX in Kant's first Critique be understood? Does it even make sense?
Note: I am avoiding the typical use of object and subject as observed and observer since it can become exceedingly confusing in this context. I use topic in place of object.
The footnote to BXVIII &...
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1
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What do the meanings of ponens and tollens have to do with Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens? [closed]
There are two inference rules in propositional logic called Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens. I was wondering how the meanings of ponens and tollens have to do with the rules? That is, how does the ...
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2
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Does logic have a more proper word to mean something similar to dilemma but neutral?
Section 7.8 The Dilemma of Copi's Introduction to Logic says:
The dilemma is a common form of argument in ordinary language. It is, in essence, an
argumentative device in which syllogisms on the ...
- 499
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8
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Is this a fallacy: "A woman is an adult who identifies as female in gender"? [closed]
The phrase tries to avoid the overt circular definition found in the variant, "a woman is anyone who identifies as a woman", by swapping woman with female in gender. But is that still a ...
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2
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175
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How does assignment work? [closed]
The only place that 'assignment' is dealt with in any kind of formal context is in formal logic, the idea of a variable assignment function is one I wish to understand in simple terms to allow me to ...
- 1,237
-1
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1
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Nomenclature for AND-operation on boolean reasoning
I develop a computer program to summarize a boolean decision. This program takes into account operators AND and OR. For the OR-operator, I can call it alternative, since this is how grammar rules call ...
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7
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How does "if p, then q" compare to "p only if q"?
How do the statements if p then q and p only if q compare
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3
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Cause-effect fallacy
Person A: "Why is 1 + 1 = 2?"
Person B: "Because if you collect one apple, and then collect
another apple, 1 apple + 1 apple = 2 apples, so you now have 2 apples
in total"
The ...
user63990
1
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4
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Is '=' a relationship between the objects or their expressions?
The Wikipedia definiton of equality gives it as a 'relationship between two expressions'
This confuses me as when we define mathematical expressions like 2+2=4 it makes no sense to say that '=' or '...
- 1,237
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Is a variable simply a symbol?
If a 'variable assignment' function maps from a set of symbols, would it be correct to formulate a variable as simply a particular symbol that performs the role of a variable in my language? So when ...
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3
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Can an 'abstract object' be a collection of constituent parts?
When I ask this, the use of collection or set is not necessarily 'mathematical', so if in this case I mean a collection of ideas that encapsulate it, 'make up' the idea in the same way the various ...
- 1,237
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1
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'for some x' statements [duplicate]
What is the correct understanding of the phrase 'for some x' in logical definitions? For example sometimes I've seen it as 'for some (values of) x' and others in uses such as 'there exists some x such ...
- 1,237
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7
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In simple terms, what is the difference between logic in mathematics and philosophy?
I want to understand the difference between mathematical and philosophical logic. I actually thought they were the same till I read this post. Concisely speaking, what is the difference between how a ...
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1
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General analysis of logical explosions
I've seen the word explosion used in basic logic and deontic logic. The commonality seems to be an explosion is when the 'topic' of a logic universally applies, i.e. everything can be inferred or ...
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Is mathematical induction deduction, and if so, why is it so named?
By induction, I mean this screenshot from this Youtube video
Abduction as an Aspect of Retroduction | Chiasson, Phyllis | Commens
Induction:
The prefix “in,” also from the Latin has to do with ...
user8572
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2
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The application of logic to the metaphor of glass half full or half empty [closed]
If there is optimistic, pessimistic, and realistic, what would be the most logical way of defining unrealistic?
For example, the optimistic says the glass is half full.
The pessimistic says the glass ...
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Can you explain the problem with Aristotle's doctrine of terms presented in this excerpt?
I'm really confused about the second paragraph. This is form Kenny's "A New History of Philosophy".
"One of the dysfunctional features of the doctrine of terms is that it fosters ...
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2
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1
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? as a logical connective
I am reading Doubt Truth to be a Liar by Graham Priest. In it he uses the symbol ? as a logical connective, and I am unsure of it's meaning.
Given his use of ? (a ? a) to denote the Law of Identity, ...
5
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1
answer
125
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Is Russell's "(im)predicativity" terminology related to (or even derived from) Kant's "existence is not a predicate" argument?
I'm a mathematician who's generally ignorant of philosophy, so forgive me if my question is a bit sloppy. I'm really trying to ask about a historical connection/context.
I recently encountered the ...
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1
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Arguing / Pretending as an Opponent Speaker
What do you call a person or the strategy where the speaker acts as the opponent to know the issue at hand better (as an opponent). For instance, a Vegan (person X) can argue with another Vegan, ...
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2
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1
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315
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What is the difference between "satisfaction" and "verification"?
In Chalmers paper, "consciousness and its place in nature", he makes the following statement:
We can say that if W (world) considered as actual makes S (a statement) true, then W verifies S....
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Are all "actions" considered to be a type of "conditions"?
Are all "actions" considered to be a type of "conditions"? Let's take the following sentence:
"Each display and local field can contain one or more rules that
contain a set ...
user37389
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5
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What's the right term in logic for this phenomenon?
The statement "My mother is my parent" is always true, however, the opposite statement "My parent is my mother" is not always true because my father is also my parent.
What's the ...
- 272
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1
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What is "Can't make X? Don't criticize it." fallacy called?
What is the name of the fallacy that attempts to invalidate a criticism of an instance of doing an activity because one providing the criticism is not very proficient in said activity (or not doing it ...
- 307
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0
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Modal Logics Isomorphisms
What does it mean to say that the different branches of modal logic (temporal, epistemic, etc.) are isomorphic? I looked for the answer on The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, but couldn't find ...
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158
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Analogy of Set and Subset and Contracts in abstracto and Marriage in concreto/in particular
I had a talk with a professor of family law and we are frequently told that there are general ordinances for contracts in general and particular ordinances for marriage.
I am problematised by the ...
- 470
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0
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742
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What is an enumerative definition?
W. Kent Wilson in his book argues for developing an enumerative definition of concepts. An enumerative definition formulates its meaning by enumerating the objects or phenomena that fall under the ...
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What did Gödel mean by "positive property" in his ontological argument?
In his ontological proof, Gödel states (Axiom 1)
If a property is positive, then its negation is not positive.
What does he meant by this term? I have come across authors who replace this notion ...
user36437
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1
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Is it true that an argument cannot be both inductive and cogent?
I have been asked a question in class where we would need to pick out the false statement from a given set of options. The problem is that I am not really sure why my answer was wrong?
Here is the ...
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The name for an anticipatory counter-argument?
There's the argument ad absurdum along with several other kind of reasoning.
What is the name for a forestalling counter-argument - an argument put forward pre-emptively in anticipation of an ...
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What is the meaning of "comprehension" in logic?
I was reading about the axioms of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory and the axiom of restricted comprehension. This led me to find out what the meaning of this word is and why it's called this. Then I saw ...
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Who invented definitions?
Is an intensional genus–differentia definition an invention of ancient greek philosopy?
"Chair is a seat typically having four legs and a back for one person"
Have you seen definitions like this ...
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3
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Interpretation and symbolic notations of operations in mathematics
As we know a mathematical operation is a function. And a function is a special type of relation. Ultimately a relation is a set of ordered pairs.
For example, what is addition of natural numbers? At ...
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Extreme examples for exploring the scope of statements - does this technique have a name? - Is it a fallacy?
When discussing opinions with friends, I often resort to making extreme scenarios out of their opinions in an attempt to investigate the limits within which their statements hold true (to them). ...
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Defining 2 words with respect to each other
I apologize if this is in the wrong forum. I listen to a radio show where the host talks a lot about love & hate. He defines love as 'the absence of hate' and he says that hate is 'the absence of ...
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What is this argument called?
What do you call an argument where you try to invalidate criticism of a narrative work (I'm not sure what the correct term is to describe it) by using fact or explanation from the narrative work ...
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1
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Is there a name for gradual dissolution of the boundaries between two objects or identities?
The basis for it is a mathematical principal of a limit, wherein a mathematical object is defined as a value or geometric construct that arises from indefinitely approaching but never actually ...
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Absolute Truth in Mathematics
Often in philosophical discussions, the concept of absolute truth will be proposed in a metaphysical manner that supposes supreme authority and the absence of exceptions to rules regardless of context....
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Dictionary English - logic/formal symbols/expresssions
I'd like to know whether there's some kind of database offering the logic or formal" equivalent of English expressions, for example the conjunction "whereas", which has at least two meanings, each ...
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Does this make sense? Is it a contradiction? If a triangle has 2 sides, then it wouldn't be a triangle
"If a triangle has 2 sides, then it wouldn't be a triangle." I know there is something seriously wrong with this statement, but what exactly is it? Is the statement true? You cannot suppose that a ...
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"You can't give me a C; I'm an A student!" is an example of what logical fallacy?
I have been trying to figure out which logical fallacy this quote makes: "You can't give me a C; I'm an A student!"
Thanks in advance!
Surya Mani
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1
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What is the difference between class and concept?
What is the difference between class and concept? − I am not sure whether, for instance, “chair” is typically a class or rather a concept, or both. I would say that it is only a class, though it is ...
user26880
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What logical fallacy or cognitive bias is in this statement?
I've spent or wasted way too much time on this, I can't quit.
What is the name of the logical fallacy or cognitive bias in the above statement.
[I'm not sure if this is actually the right forum to ...
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Choosing to believe unfalsifiable hypotheses because of their consequences
Say there are two, mutually exclusive hypotheses A and B. Both are unfalsifiable with current knowledge and technology, but lead to starkly different ontologies. Now say I find the logical ...
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Why do “L” and “M” name the strong and weak modal operators in modal logic?
Though the box and diamond are the more common representations of the strong and weak modal operators in modal logic, “L” and “M” are also used. I suspect that those letters were chosen because they ...
- 5,546
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Why are sentences expressing one's opinion statements?
I'm in a class on critical thinking and we are discussing statements and arguments. Here is an example the instructor gave which is supposed to be a statement, but I don't see why.
I do not want ...
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2
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381
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What type of definition is "the 'death penalty' is just state-sanctioned murder"?
I'm between two choices:
1.) theoretical definition: this type of definition attempts to provide an adequate understanding of the thing(s) to which the term applies.
I think this because murder is ...
6
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3
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768
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What is the fallacy of defining a square as “a closed-plane figure whose sides are all equal”?
I am determined to prove my professor wrong. Here is a question from a recent exam:
Using the six definitional criteria, evaluate the following definition.
A square is a closed-plane figure whose ...
3
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3
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What is a logical fallacy that involves arguing according to a different definition of a word?
For example, one person may define capitalism as in private ownership of production and distribution while another may consider that there is no true capitalism until a market free of government ...
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