Questions tagged [skepticism]
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Name of fallacious reasoning about the reality of abstractions
There is a kind of reasoning that is often heard, where the irreality of some abstraction is inferred from the fact that entities that fall under it are not perfectly homogenous.
(1) A lot of times ...
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1answer
75 views
An Argument that Knowledge is a Matter of Choice
I have met someone who argues as follows:
What I know depends on what axioms I take. As these axioms are left unjustified, I have as much justification for them as for their negations, so I could ...
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1answer
161 views
Is it possible to track the truth?
Epistemology seems to show that knowledge is always fallible. How can that position be satisfying at all? It seems to me that we are eternally condemned to hope we are going in the right direction and ...
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How are the assumptions underlying logic chosen?
Logic works based on certain assumptions about its rules. How are these axiomatic assumptions selected in the first place, given that a system of logic does not exist prior to the point of selection?
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167 views
Are there any certainties besides “Cogito, ergo sum”?
Descartes said, "Cogito, ergo sum(I think, therefore I am)". I agree with him on the fact that this is the only thing that we can ever truly know for sure. Is there anyone who could tell me if there ...
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Is Solipsism self-defeating?
If only my mind existed it would have to create the concept of time but nothing can be created without time, therefore solipsism is self-defeating. Shouldn't this automatically rule out solipsism?
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126 views
Is this a good argument against Simulation and Brain in a Vat hypotheses?
I was wondering about these skeptical hypotheses regarding the reality we experience. More specifically I wanted to address the Simulation and Brain in a Vat arguments because to me they seem kind of ...
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3answers
95 views
How do moral skeptics respond to the concept of permissible heinous acts
The Problem
Let's say I am debating my friend Jake who believes that morality exists. But I am a hard determinist who believes that all actions are predetermined by some act or event beforehand. Jake ...
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4answers
288 views
Is “Why is the sky blue?” a philosophical question or scientific?
Why is "Why is the sky blue?" such a common question made by children? And why has that question about the question never been asked before?
Is it that the question is just a cultural artifact, that ...
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1answer
82 views
What is the name of the school of thought that holds “humans did it”?
My world view is that there is no way to peek behind the curtains of the universe to reveal its truths-- whether spiritual, religious, or even scientific.
I don't think the word to describe this is ...
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How can a non-religious person justify or rationalize hope or optimism in an absurd world?
I don't mean to make this post too personal, but I've been in the midst of the first kind of existential funk in my life. A bunch of negative things have happened around me recently, and as a pretty ...
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Does Sosa's modal definition of knowledge beg the question?
In his 1999 paper "How to Defeat Opposition to Moore", Ernest Sosa argues that sceptical, Nozickian tracking, relevant-alternative, and contextualist accounts of the sceptical paradox rely on the ...
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81 views
Cartesian Skepticism within a Coherentist Epistemology
I recently decided that it is high time I reacquaint myself with the early moderns, and I thought there could be no better place to start with than Descartes' Mediations on First Philosophy. Reading ...
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1answer
62 views
Does Hume's skepticism about induction extend to his treatise?
Can we extend Hume's skeptical conclusions to the treatise itself? How far reaching is Hume's skepticism, and if it is all-encompassing, then what is (as he sees) the purpose of his work?
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119 views
How does Rawls defend himself from skepticism?
How does Rawls defend himself from skepticism?
I know most philosophers try to defend their philosophical ideologies against skepticism by presenting requirements for what philosophical ethical ...
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1answer
104 views
Who was the Philosopher who said to jump into the fire if you think it is not real?
Just as the title says. There was a philosopher who said that you should jump into a fire if you think it might not exist and see how it goes. I cannot find it on google, maybe I am typing in the ...
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476 views
Slippery slope fallacy, clarification on its correct use
I was having a discussion with some friends about Charlottesville,
(BTW We're from and live in Ireland)
My friend was supporting the idea of physically assaulting Neo Nazi's.
My argument was number ...
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2answers
100 views
What skeptical arguments do not use induction?
What skeptical arguments do not use induction? I haven't yet found anything which says these do not exist, so doubt that they don't. But I'm still intrigued, as SEP says that
[a] way to motivate ...
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1answer
539 views
How is Hume's criticism of causality tied to his epistemological presuppositions? What responses can be offered by challenging them?
Hume once criticized the principle of causality, claiming that the causal connection between two objects was a projection of the mind.
To what extent is Hume's criticism of causality linked to his ...
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2answers
154 views
Argument Evaluation for Rejecting the Skeptic
I have an argument outline for rejecting hard-skepticism, though I'm not quite sure if it fully works and I was wondering if it's actually interesting, or just rubbish.
Firstly, I'll lay out the 3 ...
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2answers
930 views
Is Universal Skepticism self-defeating? [duplicate]
Universal Skepticism seems to boldly claim certainty in the knowledge that knowledge is impossible. The obvious contradiction here is that if they really believe their own theory, it should force ...
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1answer
92 views
Are universal skepticism and foundationalism at odds?
As I understand it, universal skepticism says that everything is uncertain. For example, you can't even say that you are sure that 1=1 because it depends upon your notion of equality. There are no ...
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208 views
Can we prove that we can't prove reality? [closed]
Basically, can we prove that we won't be able to overcome the skeptic argument? Anything I should look up to better understand this?
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Does Hume's skepticism about causality depend on his belief that all ideas are derived from sense impressions?
I'm aware of Hume's argument and definitions of cause (though I'm very much open to any kind of discussion around the topic). But I'm most interested in how important his assertion that all ideas are ...
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2answers
231 views
When is Skepticism not the best policy? What are its limits? [duplicate]
Skepticism is a tool. A useful tool for dealing with many misinformation and half truths.
However, like all tools, it has its strong and weak sides.
In which areas of philosophical thinking is ...
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156 views
Who was the first (philosopher/scientist?) to say that we can't know much about the outer world?
Kant was always talking about the 'ding an sich', that we can't know what such a thing is in reality. But from Descartes we already have the thesis that we can only really know our perceptions, while ...
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645 views
How far can/should one press philosophical doubt?
Should we keep on questioning until nothing is left to question or is there a point on which we need to stand (which we often tend to do)? Descartes used 'I think' as this fixed point where the ...
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82 views
Looking at Descartes, does the temporality of consciousness justify doubt in it?
Let's look again at Descartes' cogito argument:
“let him [the deceiving demon] deceive me as much as he can, he will never bring it about
that I am nothing so long as I think that I am something. ...
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0answers
50 views
Is it right to deduce intention/action from circumstantial evidence from position of a skeptic?
In many cases it might not be possible to have direct evidence to conclude intention/action of a person. Only circumstantial evidence may be available.
From position of a skeptic, is it right to ...
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5answers
428 views
Recommendations for philosophical texts for a skeptic/determinist/existential nihilist?
I've always toyed with philosophy but never really got into it. I know the basic ideas of the basic schools but never got past the freshman intro course level. However, lately I've been doing some ...
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464 views
Is this a legitimate solution to the brain in a vat problem?
The problem: "Since the brain in a vat gives and receives exactly the same impulses as it would if it were in a skull, and since these are its only way of interacting with its environment, then it is ...
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1answer
206 views
If metaphysical grounding of beliefs is not necessary what is to logically compel one to believe anything?
'Grounding' is the notion that 'because of X, Y', X being the reason one can accept Y beyond pragmatic considerations. In this way, X and Y are analogous to cause and effect respectively.
If it is ...
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185 views
Can we have knowledge if it all turns out to be untrue?
Can every apparently true belief turn out to be untrue: and what is the word for this stance?
I would assume it would mean we have no knowledge: is that right?
Someone on a forum I use keeps ...
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4answers
515 views
Why is “the problem of criterion” problematic?
If I understand it correctly, the problem of criterion is essentially that you can only identify knowledge if you have the criteria for knowledge, but that you can only have the criteria for knowledge ...
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1answer
133 views
Is naturalized epistemology insincere?
The insincerity objection is often raised against skeptical positions (nominalism, anti-realism, anti-intellectualism, solipsism, etc.). An ancient anecdote tells of a skeptic, who taught that actions ...
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390 views
What epistemic principle allows us to be certain that highly improbable events will never occur in real life?
Consider the following scenario:
I am alone at home and I accidentally spill a bottle of ketchup on my kitchen floor, and the ketchup splatters across the floor in such a way as to form the words "...
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Was the Brain-in-a-Vat thought experiment explored philosophically before Putnam?
On SciFi.SE there's a question about the origins of "captive brains" in literature. Upon seeing the question I presumed it originated as a philosophical thought experiment (and then made it's way to ...
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What are some arguments against the brain-in-a-vat thought experiment?
I read this article about how this guy in Switzerland did an experiment that he thought proved the Simulation Hypothesis of reality (link: http://arxiv.org/abs/1210.1847).
I have also been reading ...
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138 views
How does Kant's transcendental argument show that the basis for Skepticism is unintelligible?
I understand Kant's categories, however I don't understand their value in arguing against skepticism.
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How can an uneducated but rational person differentiate between science and religion?
I recently found myself unable to respond to the statement "But the big bang theory is just another creation myth!" during a science vs. religion argument. I found it very difficult to explain the ...
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4answers
766 views
Is there any connection between mental illness and philosophical thought?
Philosophical position like solipsism are well thought out and definitely rational. Nevertheless it's unusual from practical commoner's point of view. Is it possible that mental condition like de-...
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232 views
What do Montaigne, Paine, and Wittgenstein have in common?
What do philosophers Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592), Thomas Paine
(1736-1809), and Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) have in common?
I found this question scribbled in the margin of a library copy ...
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762 views
Is logic built on assumptions?
I'm sorry if this sounds like a stupid question, but
how can we know that our logical approach to ideas is not in itself based on assumptions. For example, how can we know that the workings of the ...
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657 views
Can we tell we are not fictional characters of someone who exists in the same world as us?
There might be two or more writers, who are also the characters in another writer's story. That is, A is a character in B's story, and B is a character in C's story, ... finally X is a character in A'...
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255 views
Regarding Atheism and skeptics
Do there exist non-religious or non-christian writers or philosophers that analyse Atheism from a skeptical point of view?
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Should a skeptic consider anecdote as evidence?
I asked this question on Skeptics SE, and they referred me here.
I've heard some skeptics say that any anecdotal evidence should be dismissed immediately, as anecdote is notoriously unreliable.
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What are the arguments in favor of scepticism today?
It seems that today the common opinion is that Wittgenstein "killed" philosophical skepticism with his Philosophical Investigations (PI) and his private language argument.
After PI, the number of ...
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Why is the “brain in a vat” scenario meaningful?
In class we discussed the famous "brain in a vat" case, where since you can't differentiate between that case and "reality", you have no way of knowing that you are, in fact, in reality. But what I ...
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103 views
Good introductory reading to skepticism?
In various works that I've read recently, the writers referred to the skeptics several times, and I thought that maybe I should try actually learning something about them. I was hoping for some text ...
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Are there any notable philosophical skeptics since Nietzsche, perhaps in the style of Nietzsche?
I'm a bit taken by Nietzsche's philosophical skepticism, which is skeptical even of scientific knowledge. I've come to believe that the more rigorous you are in your thinking, the more skeptical you ...
